See preverbal on Wiktionary
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"word": "προλεκτικός"
},
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}
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"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nEnglish verbal\nEnglish preverbal\nFrom pre- + verbal.",
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{
"categories": [
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"en:Linguistics",
"en:Psychology"
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"examples": [
{
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"ref": "1989, Anne Fernald, “Intonation and Communicative Intent in Mothers' Speech to Infants: Is the Melody the Message?”, in Child Development, volume 60, number 6, page 1497:",
"text": "The expressive power of intonation in communication with preverbal infants was a topic of considerable interest in the early literature on language acquisition.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At an early stage of development in which one is not yet able to communicate by means of words."
],
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
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[
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[
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"stage"
],
[
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],
[
"communicate",
"communicate"
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[
"word",
"word"
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],
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],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
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80,
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"ref": "1974, J. A. Dunn, “Preverbal Position in Coast Tsimshian”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 40, number 1, page 10:",
"text": "I will attempt to document some recent syntactic (word order) changes involving preverbal noun phrases in the Coast Tsimshian language.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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[
92,
101
]
],
"ref": "2025, Edward A. F. Gibson, “Dependency Grammar” (chapter 3), in Syntax: A Cognitive Approach, MIT Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 85:",
"text": "Here, the more general construction is a simple transitive verb construction, such that the preverbal subject is the actor (causer) of the action, and the post-verbal object is the patient of the action.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Occurring before the verb in a sentence or expression."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, of a part of speech) Occurring before the verb in a sentence or expression."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a part of speech"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "stage of development before words",
"word": "préverbal"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "stage of development before words",
"word": "präverbal"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "prolektikós",
"sense": "stage of development before words",
"word": "προλεκτικός"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "stage of development before words",
"word": "preverbale"
}
],
"word": "preverbal"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂-",
"English terms prefixed with pre-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":af",
"3": "pre-",
"4": "verbal",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nEnglish verbal\nEnglish preverbal\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*préh₂i\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*preh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prae-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"pre-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pre-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"verbal\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"preverbal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"preverbal\">\nFrom pre- + verbal.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nEnglish verbal\nEnglish preverbal\nFrom pre- + verbal.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"A preverb."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
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"preverb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A preverb."
],
"topics": [
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"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "preverbal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":af",
"3": "pre-",
"4": "verbal",
"text": "+",
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},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nSpanish pre-\nSpanish verbal\nSpanish preverbal\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*préh₂i\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*preh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prae-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"pre-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"verbal\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"preverbal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"preverbal\">\nFrom pre- + verbal.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nSpanish pre-\nSpanish verbal\nSpanish preverbal\nFrom pre- + verbal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "preverbales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "preverbal m or f (masculine and feminine plural preverbales)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pre‧ver‧bal"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pre‧ver‧bal"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Spanish lemmas",
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"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂-",
"Spanish terms prefixed with pre-",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"preverbal"
],
"links": [
[
"preverbal",
"preverbal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɾebeɾˈbal/"
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾe.β̞eɾˈβ̞al]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "preverbal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for preverbal meaning in All languages combined (14.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.